Fish Finders: Down Imaging, Side Scan, and Navigation

It is required that recreational boats over 65 feet have a VHF marine radio. It is very important that all boats, even a canoe or kayak have a VHF radio when in open waters. The ability to call for help could save your life in the event of an emergency offshore. It is also a great way to communicate with other boats in the area. VHF radios today have many advanced features that make them more useful than ever.

Features of many radios include frequency scanning, weather reports, GPS integration, and the ability to send a distress signal. Some radios can even be registered with a Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) number so the USCG knows who is sending the distress signal. Keeping the radio on 16 also allows the Coast Guard to be able to contact other boats which could be beneficial in many situations. Channel 16 is also the hailing and distress frequency.

Some work is required to set up fixed mount marine radio. The radio has to be mounted and connected to power and the antenna needs to be mounted. Once the radio is set up they last for many years and are very nice to have. For small vessels or a quick solution, a handheld VHF radio is a great option. Handheld radios are also great to have as a backup safety piece of equipment in the event of an emergency.

VHF Marine Radio Procedures

In the video above an officer in the Coast Guard goes over the basic VHF procedures and etiquette when using a radio. Some vessels are required to have a VHF radio but it is a good idea for all vessels to have a marine radio. Hailing other boaters is discussed using common VHF frequencies. Mayday, pan-pan, and securite calls also discussed.

Using Your VHF Radio in an Emergency

If there is an emergency and you need to use the radio here are important details to tell the USCG. State clearly the nature of the emergency, the number of people on board the vessel, the name of the vessel, and most importantly where you are located. If the radio is properly set up pushing the distress signal can automatically send the exact location of the boat. Many people do not set this up however and need to read GPS coordinates from the fish finder, handheld GPS, or even using a cell phone. It is always good to have a plan in place with multiple ways to get help. Another great way to contact help in an emergency is with a Personal Locator Beacon or with an EPIRB.

Key VHF Radio Features to Consider

When selecting a VHF marine radio, several features are worth considering:

Built-in GPS

Many modern VHF radios come with built-in GPS receivers. This allows for Digital Selective Calling (DSC) distress signals to be sent without wiring the radio into a second device that also has GPS. Having a radio with a built-in display that shows coordinates at all times can be lifesaving in emergencies.

DSC Distress Capability

Digital Selective Calling (DSC) is essentially an automatic distress signal that attempts to alert anyone and everyone possible with information regarding your problem. By using a narrower but more powerful band, DSC eliminates receiver squelch and has a 25 percent increase in speed and range over traditional analog signals.

Waterproof Rating

Look for waterproof ratings like IPX7 (submersible in 3 feet of water for 30 minutes) or IPX8 (submersible in 1.5 meters of water for 30 minutes). The higher the rating, the better the protection against water damage.

Floating Capability (For Handhelds)

For handheld units, the ability to float is crucial if you’re boating, kayaking, or fishing. Some models even have automatic water detection that activates emergency strobe lights when in contact with water.

Battery Life (For Handhelds)

Battery life ranges from 8 to 16 hours depending on the model. Some units use standard AAA batteries which can be easily replaced in an emergency, while others have rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.

Power Output

Transmission power is measured in watts and dictates how far you can send and receive radio transmissions. Most fixed-mount VHF radios operate from 1 to 25 watts, while handheld units generally reach up to 5 or 6 watts. The FCC does not allow power over 25 watts for marine VHF radios.

In this guide, we will discuss the best marine radios, why you need a marine radio, how to use them, what to look for, and how they work. I’ll be going over some of the most popular handheld and fixed-mounted VHF marine radio units.

Fixed Mount Marine Radios

Some work is required to set up fixed mount marine radio. The radio has to be mounted and connected to power and the antenna needs to be mounted. Once the radio is set up they last for many years and are very nice to have. The main advantage of fixed mount radios is their range of signal and the ability to use the boat’s power supply.

Fixed mount radios are typically installed permanently somewhere easily accessible in your watercraft. These usually come with a detachable corded microphone and the radio unit itself sits on a swivel. Fixed radios typically have the option to be used with an extended antenna, giving you further broadcasting range.

1. Standard Horizon Explorer GPS Fixed Mount Marine Radio

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The Standard Horizon GX1800G marine radio stand-out feather is the 66-channel built-in GPS Reciever. This allows for Digital Selective Calling (DSC) distress signals to be sent without wiring the radio into a second device that also has GPS. It also has a second receiver to receive DSC calls. This is a compact radio and is only 3.3 inches in depth. Color options include white or black. It has an IPX8 submersible rating which means it is waterproof at 1.5 meters for 30 minutes.

There is a similar Standard Horizon GX1850G that has NMEA2000 networking that most people will not use. Therefore this lower-cost unit is a better option for most people. The GX1800 without the G is the same unit without the built-in GPS Receiver is cheaper. It is a really good idea to have a radio with a built-in display that shows the coordination all the time. Most captains know how to get the GPS position out of the primary navigation unit and might even display the coordinates on that device. However, in the event of an emergency having multiple ways to get the position immediately is important.

These units are RAM4 compatible, meaning they are capable of being connected to a RAM4 remote microphone. This means that you can have microphones at two different locations on the boat without having two radios. Often times radio calls from inside the cab are missed when outside on the deck. The second handheld microphone also has audio speakers. Navigation features of the unit include Man Overboard MOB operation and enter, save, and navigate to waypoints using the compass.

2. Standard Horizon Eclipse Fixed Mount Marine Radio

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The Standard Horizon Eclipse is an ultra-compact class D VHF marine radio with GPS.  The waterproof rating is IPX8, which means the radio is submersible in 1.5 meters of water for 30 minutes. Other features include a backlit keypad and a microphone with noise reduction technology.

This is similar to the Standard Horizon Explorer and both are equipped with a built-in GPS receiver. The unit can send a DSC distress signal with the vessel’s MMSI number. This same radio comes in a version without a GPS and is about $45 less expensive. If that unit is properly wired into the navigation unit the GPS position can be obtained to use with a DSC distress call. This is a good quality submersible fixed mount radio and comes with a 3-year waterproof warranty.

3. Icom-m330g Fixed Mount VHF Marine Radio

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The Icom-m330g is a quality fixed mouth VHF radio. It comes with an external GPS antenna which is good when using a radio with an enclosed hardtop boat. The output power of the radio is 25 watts.

Features include a backlit display, backlit keypad, channel and volume buttons on the microphone, and weather channels with weather alerts. A unique feature is the AquaQuake which can be activated to use low-frequency sound waves to remove water in and around the speaker area.

4. Cobra MRF45D Class D Fixed Mount Marine Radio

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The Cobra radio is very compact when it comes to fixed-mount radios. However, it is not as rugged as other radios but would work well in an inside environment. The waterproof rating for the unit is JIS7 waterproof, which means that it is immersion resistant but not submersible. It does say submersible on the front of the unit but technically that is not correct.

The microphone is exceptional and utilizes noise-canceling technology to ensure your outgoing communications aren’t droned out by the wind or engine noise. It is DSC compatible with the standard one-touch distress button located on the front panel and it will transmit your communications in either 1W or 25W power configurations.

Furthermore, it gets the typical 10 NOAA weather channels with audible storm alerts and the standard international coverage scheme with 3 channel maps. This unit from Cobra utilizes Dual-watch technology that allows you to monitor channel 16 and another channel of your choosing simultaneously.

5. Uniden Fixed Mount Marine Radio

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This Uniden 435 replaced the very popular Uniden UM415. It has an output power of 25 Watts. It does not have a GPS receiver but it can be wired to a GPS device or GPS antenna.

Available in both black or white, the UM415 is an excellent value in terms of fixed-mounted marine radios. DSC can be set up to send vessel and position information when pressing the distress button.

The water-resistant rating is JIS-8 which means the radio is submersible to a depth of 1-meter for 30 minutes. This radio is capable of both 1W and 25W transmitting configurations. It has a front-facing full class D DSC button protected by a flip cover.

This radio encompasses several great features such as Triple Watch Plus which allows the monitoring of Channel 16 and Channel 9 plus other custom-selected channels. Targeted SAME weather alert system is very convenient and accurate and includes tide reports. The Quik Command One-Touch Ch 16/9 channel selectors on the microphone make switching to emergency channels extremely fast. Additionally, the channels and scan can be selected from the microphone.

The LCD display has a dimmer and adjustable LCD contrast settings. The dimmer is helpful when boating in low-light and night conditions. With some radios, I actually have to place objects over the radio to keep my night vision when driving boats at night.

There is a UM385 compact version of this radio that is not submersible and only has a JIS4 splash-resistant rating. This will work if the radio is mounted inside a cabin but should not be used outside.

6. Garmin VHF Marine Radio

The Garmin 110 in a basic VHF radio. There is not a built-in GPS but it can be easily connected to a GPS device or GPS antenna using an NMEA 2000 network cable. It comes with knobs, mounting hardware, a protective cover, a flush mount gasket, and power cables.

There is also a Garmin 210 which has AIS built-in. The AIS information for nearby vessels that have AIS transmitters can be displayed on the chart plotter. AIS can be very useful for people who boat near commercial vessels. If this is not a needed function the Garmin 110  is the better option because it is a lower-cost unit.

7. Lowrance Link-6 DSC Marine VHF Radio

Lowrance makes two VHF fixed mount Marine Radios the Link-6 and Link-9. The Link-6 does not have a built-in GPS but can be wired to the navigation unit to offer DSC functionality. Key features of the Link-6 include a four-button hand microphone, 16 dedicated channels, multiple scan modes, and flush or bracket mount installation. In the contacts list up to 50 names with MMSI numbers can be stored.

The Lowrance Link-9 comes with a built-in GPS receiver. It can also receive GPS position data from an SMA connector, NMEA-500 for Chartplotter GPS, and NMEA 2000 for the network antenna connection. The build-in AIS receiver information can be displayed on the radio’s screen or overlayed on a multifunction display’s navigation or radar screen. The Link-9 also has a MOB function to navigate back to a person or object in the water.

8. Standard Horizon HX890 Submersible Marine Radio

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The Standard Horizon HX890 is a class D handheld radio that supersedes the old version, the HX851. This radio floats, making it an excellent choice for kayakers and boaters. The waterproof rating is IPX8, which means the radio is submersible in water depths up to 1.5 meters.

This handheld allows you to choose to transmit power levels at 1W, 2W, or 6W, which is incredibly useful for both short to mid-range communications. The rechargeable 1800mAH Li-Ion battery lasts about 10-hours with average use. Many reports agree that it is one of the longest-lasting handheld marine radios on the market. Also included is a 12-Volt DC 3 hour quick charger.

This radio has an automatic water detection module that will, upon being in contact with water, flip on its emergency strobe light function. Having a strobe is very important for day and night rescue situations.

The HX890 is equipped with DSC and features a powerful WAAS GPS receiver with 66 channels. This is all interfaced through the oversized full dot-matrix LCD screen that measures roughly 2.3 inches diagonally. These screens are used for their incredible detail but extremely low cost to battery life.

Some VHF radios have a blue or orange background, which many people seem to enjoy, however, these monochrome screens tend to save a lot of battery so I think it is a fair tradeoff. Although the screen lacks color, the keypad does utilize a faint red illumination to ensure accurate and easy usage in the dark.

Handheld VHF Marine Radios

For small vessels or a quick solution, a handheld VHF radio is a great option. Handheld radios are also great to have as a backup safety piece of equipment in the event of an emergency.

These portable radios look similar to walkie-talkies and are meant to be held in your hand, clipped on your belt, or kept in your bag. Having portability and a small form factor does come at a cost, though. These usually have less range and fewer options than a fixed radio but are especially useful if you plan to use multiple different watercraft.

The video above discusses important information about hand held VHF radios.

9. Standard Horizon HX40 Handheld VHF Marine Radio

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The Standard Horizon HX40 is a compact floating handheld VHF marine radio. It is 2.5 x 3.74 x 1.3 inches which is about the size of a deck of cards. It does not float unless placed into a floating case that is sold separately.

10. Standard Horizon HX300 Submersible Floating Marine Radio

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This radio is the smallest floating marine radio on the market. It is small enough to fit in your pocket. Included is a USB charger and cord. The radio can plug into any USB port to charge and receive a full charge in roughly 3 hours. We have talked about a similar model to this, the HX890 floating marine radio which probably has a better overall performance but the size of this radio makes it a great option.

Its transmitting power is capped at 5W, which may seem like a slight disadvantage to the many 6W models on the market. However, the distance a handheld radio will transit is mostly limited by antenna height, not transmission power. It is equipped with a 1650mAH 3.7V Lithium-ion battery that gets about 10 hours of usage.

This unit’s waterproof rating is IPX8, which means the radio is submersible in water depths up to 1.5 meters for 30 minutes. The radio is equipped with NOAA weather channels, and customizable weather alerts, and utilizes all of the traditional US and Canadian channels.

The screen is a very tiny monochrome LCD with orange key illumination built-in. Just like the HX870, this radio does have a water-activated strobe beacon.

I recommend this to anyone on a budget or looking for something extremely small. If you’re venturing out in a large vessel, you should look to a mounted VHF radio or something with more features, like the HX890. If you are taking out a kayak or something similar, this unit will save space but realize that it does not have a built-in GPS to send position information.

11. Icom M94D VHF Marine Handheld Radio

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The Icom M94D is a top-of-the-line VHF handheld marine radio. This unit has GPS and other systems to create an integrated Global Navigation Satellite System. The position information can be used to make DSC distress calls and to navigate to waypoints. Key features include float’n flash, AquaQuake, and an active noise-canceling microphone. It has an output transmission power of 6 watts. Float’n flash is nice because if the radio falls into the water it will automatically start flashing even if the radio is off.

This radio comes with a 570mAh rechargeable Li-ion battery, AC adapter, battery charger, belt clip, and hand strap.  The unit can store up to 50 waypoints. It has a dot-matrix display that can be read even under direct sunlight. I like this unit cause it serves as a good VHF radio and navigation device. It would also be a good radio to keep on the boat as a backup radio and backup navigation device.

12. Icom IC-M73 Handheld Marine Radio

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This radio does not float. However, it is submersible and can be submerged in 1.5m (4.9ft) of water for 30 minutes. Battery life is rated at 18 hours under normal operating conditions. This is longer than most handheld radios! It might not float but it does have a large-capacity lithium-ion battery.

The IC-M73 can be operated at 6W of transmitting power, which is higher than the traditional 5W maximum. That one extra watt doesn’t really seem to help in range, despite the description of the product claiming so, but it does help your audio traffic punch through busy channels and white noise.

This is also the loudest handheld radio. Icom achieves this incredible volume level by using a BTL (bridge-tied load) amplifier, which they claim doubles the audio. Something else that is really nice about this particular radio is the dual/tri-watch function that allows you to monitor several channels, such as channel 16 simultaneously with other channels.

13. Icom M25 Handheld VHF Marine Radio

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The Icom M25 is the lightest floating marine radio on the market. It also has an option HF-231 handheld speaker microphone to make it easy to talk while wearing the radio on a belt. The 1500 mAh lithium-ion battery can be charged through a standard USB connection. It displays the battery life with a 4-step indicator. Color options for the stripes are marine blue, pearl white, and metallic gray.

Key features of the radio are weather channels, weather alert, auto scan, LCD backlight, and AquaQuate the removed water from the speaker when activated. Float’n Flash is activated if the radio is dropped into the water even if the radio is turned off. This turns on the backlight on the radio display and lights a LED that blinks on the rear panel.

14. Uniden MHS75 2-Way Submersible VHF Marine Radio

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This radio comes with a JIS8 waterproof rating, which means the radio is submersible for up to 30 minutes at five feet. The unit comes with a belt clip, wrist strap, DC charger, and lithium-ion battery. This radio offers great overall value but does not float.

The maximum transmitting power level is 5W, which as we discussed before is not a big deal. This low-power option of this unit is 2.5W. Using lower power is a good idea when communicating over short distances. It saves battery life and interferes less with other people that might be using the channel in the area.

This radio has the tri-watch feature, which means it will monitor multiple channels including Channel 16 and Channel 9 with another channel of your choosing. This radio is usable on all of the standard American and Canadien channels.

The LCD screen on this unit seems to be a respectable size among VHF radios and is one of the easiest to read in direct sunlight. Just like some of the more expensive radio’s on this list, the MHS75 allows for the standard 10 NOAA weather channels and NOAA weather alerts with very loud audible alarms when the weather changes for the worst.

Battery life is good, coming in at roughly 12 hours on a single charge. The unit comes with a DC cigarette lighter charger and the radio will audibly alert you when the batteries are dangerously low.

This radio offers all the standard features and packs them into a very rugged and compact aluminum shell. The Uniden MHS75 is a great overall handheld marine radio if the radio does not need to float.

15. Uniden Atlantis 155 Floating Marine Radio

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The Atlantis 155 floats and is submersible with the highest IPX8 / JIS8 rating. The speaker also clears itself of water after being submerged. This radio is powered with 4 rechargeable AAA batteries. Also included is a DC charging cable. This is definitely the best value marine handheld radio that floats and has the highest submersion rating. Also, the ability to use standard AAA makes it a great option for an emergency backup marine radio.

The transmit power is user-selectable to 3W or 1W of power. That is the only drawback to this unit, most handheld marine radios have a standard 5 watts of transmission power. The battery life lasts about ten hours. The unit comes with a 3-year waterproof warranty.

16. Cobra MRHH350FLT Floating VHF Marine Radio

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The waterproofing rating is JIS7 / IPX7 which allows safe submersion at 3 feet for up to 30 minutes. Not quite as good as units with an IPX8 rating but still very waterproof.

The power transmission levels available are 1, 3, and 6W which is on par with some of the best handheld devices on the market today and will safely cover at least 3 miles with ease. It comes equipped with a tri-watch, which essentially means it will scan three different channels simultaneously.

You will get the typical 10 NOAA weather channels in addition to all of the standard US and Canadian channels. If there is a severe weather alert, this device will play a loud tone alerting you to possible dangerous changes in the weather.

This radio utilizes a noise-canceling microphone and water purging speaker to ensure excellent audio quality, even when floating in the water.

17. Cobra Electronics MR HH150 Floating Marine Radio

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This Radio uses rechargeable AAA batteries which are included. Standard AAA batteries also work with this radio so if the radio is dead in an emergency it can be repowered quickly.  The HH150 has a waterproof rating of rated JIS7 which is submerged in up to 3 feet of water for 30 minutes. This unit weighs 8 ounces and does float!

Also included with this radio is a belt clip, wrist strap, and 12-volt power cord. The radio has a max transmission power or 3 Watts but can be sent at low, medium, and high output power for short and medium-range communications. As with most marine radios, weather alerts are given with tones and visual alerts. NOAA weather can be access on 10 NOAA weather channels.

Why Every Boat Should Have a Marine Radio

Marine radios give us the ability to communicate with the Coast Guard and also other vessels if needed. Even in non-emergency situations the Coast Guard or other boats may contact try and contact you. This can be for a large variety of reasons. Sometimes they need help, sometimes they want to give vessels in the area information. Sometimes you are making a wake in the harbor and they want to remind you to slow down.

The most important reason for having a radio is to call for help and be able to help others that call for help. It is not always a life-threatening emergency but other boats in the area can often offer assistance. If you spend lots of time on the water you realize these situations happen quite often. Offshore cell phones do not get reception and VHF radios become a primary means of communication.

Using a marine radio is also handy in communicating with harbors, docks, locks, bridges, marinas, etc. If you’re sailing international waters, you’ll need a radio to communicate with the local coast guard and law enforcement.

Also, most marine radios are fully capable of receiving weather broadcast reports when/if they are in the range of an entity broadcasting such information. These reports can also provide vital warnings such as natural disasters or conflicts.

Other Ways To Communicate or Contact Help

In the event of an emergency, another good way to contact help is with a Personal Locator Beacon or with an EPIRB. These devices are typically used to send distress signals only. It is a good idea to have one of these devices on the boat in addition to a VHF marine radio.

Marine Radios Explained

A marine radio is classified as a Very High Frequency (VHF) radio. Essentially this means it has access to an all-inclusive radio frequency band between 156MHz and 174MHz. This range of frequencies is regarded as the maritime mobile band. The same rules apply anywhere you are in the world.

How to Utilize Marine Radio Technology

VHF radios operate on an international standard and have very distinct rules and regulations as to how they are used in communication. Channel 16 (156.8 MHz) is the international distress and communications channel.

Channel 16 can be used in a wide variety of applications. This includes establishing a baseline of communication that then moves to a more private channel. For the most part, channel 16 is used for urgent communication in which one or more parties are in distress. Assistance can be then be provided by the Coast Guard and/or nearby vessels.

International regulations require all vessels to achieve a constant state of “radio watchkeeping”. This essentially means they are open to communication and monitor channel 16 at all times while sailing. It is standard to move communication off of channel 16 as soon as possible, most likely within the initial point of communication. This leaves the channel clear for other users who may also be in distress.

Sending a Distress Signal with a VHF Marine Radio

When an emergency arises that is life-threatening, you have two options in order to ask for help from other vessels and the Coast Guard. First, if you have a DSC-enabled radio on hand, activating the automatic distress transmission system would be the first thing you can do.

If you receive no response or do not have a DSC-enabled device, using Channel 16 to broadcast your distress is your best option. The proper procedure for broadcasting such an event on Channel 16 is as follows: Call out “Mayday” three times followed by your ship’s name, your coordinates, and the issue at hand.

A distress signal would sound like this: “Mayday Mayday Mayday, Seastar. Position 20°35′ North and 77°51′ West. Our vessel is sinking”. This entire message can be repeated three times. If someone is severely injured, including brief information about the injury may help rescuers be prepared for treatment once they arrive. Furthermore, including information about how many people are on board may also be imperative to rescue efforts, especially if people are overboard or the vessel is sinking as it will allow the responding crews to continue searching for people until they find everyone.

When a distress signal is sent via DSC, the device will include the ship’s MMSI number and attempt to include coordinates and other GPS information if possible. You have to connect your GPS and DSC devices and set them up accordingly for your DSC instruction manual to automatically broadcast this information. Distress signals can be sent in both single-frequency and multi-frequency configurations.

Distress Signals Types

A single-frequency distress signal is issued across a single band. The system will then await a response for a maximum of four minutes before issuing another distress signal. This will be repeated five times until switching to a multi-frequency configuration.

A multi-frequency distress signal is sent on all medium and high frequencies in an attempt to receive any and all responses. You will be unable to receive transmission while attempting a multi-frequency distress signal. This is because it uses your return antenna for each transmission.

Distress signals can come in both a specific designation and a general or non-designated transmission. A designated distress signal will send out information pertaining to one of ten pre-defined groupings with the aim of identifying the source of distress.

Designated distress signals are as follows: Man overboard, violent incursion and/or piracy, vessel disabled, punctured or sinking, listing, fire or explosion, flooding, collision, grounding, and abandoning ship.

A vessel that receives a distress signal that is outside the range of a coast station is required to relay the distress alert to the utmost level of their capabilities. When a coast station receives a DSC distress alert, the station will immediately send an acknowledgment. The sending unit will both cease repeating and tune in on the designated channel for the distress message to be sent.

Digital Selective Calling (DSC)

Seagoing vessels that utilize a permanently mounted radio are now required by international regulation to be equipped with Digital Selective Calling (DSC). DSC can be utilized across medium or high-frequency channels and is a core integration of the Global Maritime Distress Safety Program (GMDSS). All fixed-mount VHF radios manufactured since 1999 come with DSC.

DSC greatly enhances the safety features of a marine radio by allowing a single push button distress signal to be sent out immediately. The signal contains vital information for emergency response units to track, locate, and communicate with the vessel in need.

Many ships equipped with DSC use a separate VHF radio and MF/HF DSC controllers that allow a dedicated receiver to monitor Channel 70. This way, your primary receiver is always in use for regular communications while your DSC dedicated receiver is always monitoring and ready to call for help.

Maritime Mobile Service Identity Number (MMSI)

The Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) number is a 9-digit number unique to your vessel that is assigned to your radio DSC system. Information about you and your vessel is added to a profile that the Coast Guard can easily access in case of an emergency. This greatly increases the effectiveness of help during distress.

You can register for your personal MMSI through various boating organizations for approximately $25.

Setting Squelch

A telecommunications squelch is essentially a noise gate that regulates and suppresses what your radio will and will not pick up. This ensures the radio remains silent and usable when not receiving an actual transmission, effectively reducing channel noise.

An open channel without suppression will create a white noise type transmission that is constant and unnecessary, not to mention annoying and distracting.

To properly set squelch, turn the SQL knob until you faintly hear a white noise sound, then back it off ever so slightly. Setting your squelch too low may result in the lower performance of the receiver. This means transmissions from far away may not be picked up on your radio.

False Mayday Calls

Yes, using a marine radio to call out a false distress signal is illegal and punishable by up to six years imprisonment. Possible fines are up to $5000 in civil court and $250,000 in criminal court. Simply put, do not call for help unless your distress is legitimate.

On top of all of that, you may be required to reimburse the Coast Guard for the time and assets used to respond to your false call.

VHF Marine Radio Etiquette

Using a VHF radio comes with a certain level of responsibility and communicative skill set. Keeping messages short but informational is actually much more difficult than most people realize. Oversharing details on vital channels not only bugs other nearby vessels but could impede their ability to communicate and even issue a distress signal.

The proper way to address a vessel is by beginning the transmission on channel 16 (when there is no other radio chatter) with the name of the boat you wish to communicate with followed by your boat name like this: “Seastar Seastar. Galileo. Over”.

To respond: “Galileo, this is Seastar”. Proper radio etiquette mandates that you only retry your acknowledgment after a full two minutes have passed with no response. Furthermore, you are permitted a maximum of three attempts to get the vessel’s attention with the 2-minute intervals. After that, you should wait a minimum of 15 minutes before making another attempt.

Once the vessel responds, a channel designation should be given in an attempt to move from channel 16 to a non-commercial ship-to-ship communication channel. These are channels 68, 69, 71, 72, and 78A. It may be tempting to call these out as “Sixty-eight”. However, it is actually proper to communicate them as each number individually, like “six-eight” to avoid confusion.

Once you have tuned in to the communication channel, you would once again acknowledge the other vessel to ensure you’re both on the correct channel and then commence with your conversation.

VHF Radio Conversations

Remember, anyone with a VHF radio within range can follow your communication and listen in on your conversation. Keep it clean and respectful and be mindful of the details you share.

Always ending your conversation in “out” allows anyone else awaiting the use of that channel the opportunity to essentially claim it for their communication purposes.

If leaving channel 16 lands you on a communication channel already occupied by other vessels communicating. The options are to wait for the “out” signal of the vessels occupying that channel. Resorting back to channel 16 and designating another communication channel is the second option.

Never attempt to communicate other than to “call” another vessel or send a distress signal on channel 16. Channel 9 is an alternative channel to channel 16 designated for calling.

Technically, profanity over the air is illegal so watch your language. If you can’t say it in a high school classroom, you can’t say it on a VHF radio. Even if you think you and the vessel you are communicating with think you are on a channel alone.

VHF Marine Radio Transmission Power and Antennas

Choosing a power level is basically related to how far your transmissions need to travel. If you’re communicating with a vessel that is nearby, perhaps only 1 watt is necessary. This ensures that your communications are not broadcasted far out into the sea where other vessels will unnecessarily hear them. If you’re making a distress call, you’d likely want to use the maximum power output of your device to reach as many vessels as possible.

Keep in mind that the quality and height of the antenna will be the number one attribute of an effective range. The further your antenna can “see”, the more range your radio will have regardless of the wattage it is set to.

Higher power levels may help your radio transmission navigate radio noise and impede traffic.

For a typical adult standing on the deck of the boat, the viewable distance to the horizon is roughly three miles. Since VHF radios work based on a line of sight and fail to transmit to receivers without a line of sight, three miles will likely be your limit unless you have a tall antenna perched up high aboard your vessel. The higher the antenna, the further out it is capable of reaching.

VHF Marine Radio Antenna Size and Placement

For antennas a general rule of thumb is the taller the antenna, the more coverage you will have. The advantage of a fixed mount VHF radio is a tall antenna. Handheld radios work well but cannot match the range of a fixed mount radio with a good antenna.

VHF radios can only emit a 25-watt signal. However, large antennas that can be vertically mounted can have a large gain on the received signal. This makes it so signals can be picked up clearly at greater distances. High gain antennas must stay vertical though. Since this is often not the case on boats that sway in the waves, a medium gain or low gain antenna is a good option. Handheld radios are low gain so the direction of the antenna is less important.

Some people like to mount their antennas at an angle. This is called a “canted mount” or “raked mount”. This is also called a silly waste of a potential performance. Why? Because the higher your antenna, the better its performance, period.

The higher in elevation the end of the antenna that sticks up into the air and allows for more oversight into the distance, the better your range will be. A canted antenna will only have the performance of how tall it is from the surface of the water. This is independent of how long the actual antenna is. Straight up and down is the best way to mount an antenna. If you really want to squeeze every ounce of range out of it, you’ll mount it on the highest point of your boat.

Check out the Coast Guard website for VHF coverage maps in your area.

Common Questions about VHF Radios

Do I need a VHF radio for my boat?

Recreational vessels under 20 meters in length are not required to have VHF marine radio in many areas. That being said almost all boats that travel offshore have a VHF marine radio. This is an important communication tool to talk with other boaters in the area. This allows fishermen to say how their day is going. It is also commonly used to give wind, wave, and weather reports in nearby areas. Even vessels as small as a kayak should have handheld marine radio with them when on the ocean.

What channel should I monitor while boating?

Always monitor Channel 16, which is the international distress and calling channel. Once you establish contact with another vessel, move to a working channel for extended conversations.

How far can VHF marine radios transmit?

The range depends primarily on antenna height and power output. Fixed Mount radios with properly installed antennas can typically reach 15-20 miles, while handheld units may be limited to 3-5 miles under ideal conditions.

Do I need a license to operate a marine VHF radio?

In the United States, recreational boaters do not need a license to operate a VHF marine radio on domestic voyages. However, if you travel internationally, you may need a restricted radiotelephone operator permit.

How do I get an MMSI number for my VHF radio?

You can obtain an MMSI number through various boating organizations or through the FCC if your vessel requires a station license. The process typically costs around $25 and requires information about you and your vessel.

Captain Cody Wabiszewski

Captain Cody has worked on charter fishing boats in the Florida Keys, Virgin Islands, and Alaska. Growing up in Pennsylvania Cody has also done extensive freshwater fishing including bass fishing tournaments. Cody strives to provide detailed information about the best fishing gear and tactics to help both novice and experienced anglers have a more productive and enjoyable time on the water. Cody also has a background in aerospace engineering and neuroscience but really only takes pride in being good at one thing and that is fishing!

Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs) emit a distress signal in the event of an emergency offshore or on land. PLBs are generally thought of as small handheld Emergency Position Indication Radio Beacons EPIRBs. The main difference between the two is that an EPIRB is registered to a vessel and PLB is registered to a person. A PLB is a small device that has to be manually activated and can emit a distress signal for a minimum of 24 hours. EPIRBs are larger, can automatically deploy and activate if a boat sinks, and emit a distress signal for a minimum of 48 hours.

People have started to call devices with other handheld GPS technologies PLBs as well. These devices are also registered to a person and can send a distress signal in an emergency. These devices include Garmin inReach units, Spot satellite messengers, AIS man overboard beacons, and VHF handheld Marine Radios with DSC (Digital Selective Calling). Some of these technologies require monthly fees, and some do not require monthly fees.

For boating and fishing, I recommend having a PLB that emits a 406 MHz distress signal using satellites and a 121.5 MHz homing signal. This type of beacon is registered with NOAA and does not require any subscription fees. The distress signals are monitored by government organizations around the world.

In the photo, my brother and I are fishing in Florida. He is wearing a PLB on his life jacket. In this case, it is placed through the strap of the life jacket. PLBs also fit well in zipper pouches on life jackets. Wearing a PLB is ideal because in the event a person falls overboard, help can be quickly contacted. This is a must-have device when fishing on a boat offshore.

Types of Personal Locator Beacons

1. Satellite PLBs (406 MHz Beacons)

These are the traditional PLBs that operate on the 406 MHz frequency and connect to the international COSPAS-SARSAT satellite system. They are registered to individuals (not vessels) and require manual activation.

Key features of 406 MHz PLBs:

• No subscription fees
• Globally monitored by government rescue organizations
• Battery life is typically certified for 5 years
• Operational time of at least 24 hours once activated
• Have GPS for precise location reporting
• Include 121.5 MHz homing signals to help rescuers locate you
• PLBs are waterproof and some float
• Registration with NOAA is required but this is free

The 406 MHz distress signal contains the device location within 100 meters and the serial number of the PLB. The ground station is able to look up who that device belongs to and try to contact the registered person and their emergency contacts to verify the emergency. Typically rescue crews can be contacted and be on the way to assist people within 30 minutes from the initial distress call. EPIRB and PLB rescue beacons have been used in over 30,000 rescues.

ACR PLB 425 View ResQLink Buoyant Rescue Beacon

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The ACR ResQLink View RLS is the latest model by ACR and is the best PLB on the market in my opinion. The newest feature is the RLS (Return Link Service), which displays on the screen that the distress signal has been received. It does cost a bit more for this added feature. The ResQLink 425 view is similar but without this new feature, and the ResQLink 400 does not have a display but does flash lights to show it is working.

This beacon emits a 5 Watt 406 MHz distress signal and a 50 mW 121.5 MHz homing signal. This unit contains a built-in display that provides the status of the signal and GPS coordinates during an emergency. When testing the unit the display is also helpful.

The battery life is 28 hours and is certified for 5 years. This PLB is waterproof at 33 feet for ten minutes. Its dimensions are 4.25 x 2.03 x 1.49 inches and the weight is 5.22 ounces. There are loops on the PLB so the device can be put on straps of a life jacket.

This beacon is the smallest floating PLB on the market. The rescueMe PLB 1 is considerably smaller but does not float. Registration of the beacon is free and there are no added expenses after the initial purchase except a factory replacement of the battery every 5 years.

We typically just buy a new unit every few years and keep the old units on the boat as back-ups. Typically, a better, smaller unit comes out every 5 years anyway. The ACR PLBs have a track record of being reliable and are small enough to easily wear on a life jacket. Even if you are not wearing the life jacket at all times, having these on a life jacket in an open area makes it much more accessible in the event of an emergency.

In the video above I show how to use a PLB in the event of an emergency. I also discuss competing technologies such as Garmin inReach, Spot, and AIS systems. How to test the unit to verify it is working properly is also presented.

Coast Guard Inspected Vessels that carry more than 6 people and are licensed to go more than 3 miles offshore are required to have a category 1 EPIRB. Recreational boats and most charter fishing boats are not required to have an EPIRB or PLB. It is however very important to have at least one rescue beacon on the boat. Ideally, the boat would have a category 1 EPIRB and a PLB for each person on board.

ACR PLB 400 ResQLink Buoyant Rescue Beacon

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This PLB 400 is very similar to the PLB View above but does not have a built-in digital display. The battery life is a minimum of 24 hours compared to 28 hours for the PLB View. Dimensions and weight are the same for both units at 4.25 x 2.03 x 1.49 inches and the weight is 5.22 ounces. The battery is certified for 5 years. This PLB is waterproof at 33 feet for ten minutes.

The unit is the new version of the widely used ACR PLB 375 that is no longer being manufactured. An IR and visible light strobe are built into the front of the unit. This help rescue crews find the device location once at a viewable distance.

The device and sends a 5 Watt 406 MHz distress signal and a 50 mW 121.5 MHz homing signals for 24 hours. The homing signals allow avionics equipment in a rescue helicopter to know the direction of the signal. Rescue crews can then head straight in that direction. Once the signal flips it means they passed the location. At that point, crews begin to look for people in distress. Having a strobe or flare helps in low light and adverse weather conditions.

Two clips come with the device. One is a belt clip that allows the PLB to be worn on the waistband or clipped on a pocket. The second clip has a clamp that can be connected to the inflator tube on lifejackets. Placing the PLB in a zipper pouch of a life jacket is a great way to wear the device.

In the video above a center counsel boat sinks in rough seas at an inlet. Watch how fast the boat capsizes and sinks. There would be little or no time to get rescue equipment. That is why it is important to be wearing a life jacket with a PLB in the pocket. I will go over other reasons to have a PLB later in this article.

Ocean Signal PLB RescueMe

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This ocean signal rescueMe PLB has Dimensions of 1.3 x 2.0 x 3.0 inches and the weight is 4.1 ounces. The battery life is a minimum of 24 hours when in use and the storage life is 7 years. This PLB is waterproof to 49 feet deep. The device emits a 5.0 Watt 406 MHz signal with GPS coordinates and a 25-100 mW 121.5 MHz homing signal.

This PLB has a 66 channel GPS receiver and operates on the Global Cospas Sarsat rescue system. This has similar functionality and specifications to the ACR PLBs. The advantage of this device is that it is the smallest PLB in the world. This makes it easier to contentiously have on your person while on a boat. The PLB does not float on its own but has a flotation pouch to fit the PLB into which enables it to float. This seems like a great option for PLB.

I think the ACR PLB is a better overall device but the size of this one makes it a good option. These devices are only useful if you have them with you during an emergency. The small size of this device makes it so it can be easily carried without causing any major inconveniences.

The black knob makes it so the antenna can be easily pulled out to deploy. The gray knob on top can be hand-wound to contract the antenna back into the case. A spring-loaded flap covers the activation button preventing inadvertent use.

In the video below a boat capsizes after hitting something while boating in the ocean. An ACR PLB was used to send a distress signal. A Cost Guard helicopter crew came to assist the boat. It is interesting to watch the Coast Guards response. Both the Coast Guard and people in distress did a great job.

3. Satellite Messengers

These devices use private satellite networks to provide emergency alert capabilities plus two-way messaging. Popular brands include Garmin inReach and SPOT devices. These typically use the Iridium or Globalstar satellite networks.

Key features of satellite messengers:

• Require subscription plans
• Provide two-way text messaging capability
• Offer tracking features
• Can send custom messages to friends/family
• Allow communication with rescue personnel during emergencies
• Often include navigation features and weather forecasts
• Battery life varies based on usage patterns and settings

Unlike 406 MHz PLBs, these devices:

• Require monthly subscription fees
• Use rechargeable batteries
• Can be used for non-emergency communications
• Often have more features but potentially less reliability in dire emergencies

Garmin Marine 86SCI Floating Handheld

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This Garmin Marine 86Sci is a buoyant two-way satellite messaging device. A subscription fee is required. Dimensions are 7 x 2.74 x 1.7 inches and it weighs 9.59 ounces. The rechargeable battery life varies based on the setting but is around 35 hours in a 10-minute tracking mode and 200 hours in expedition mode. This device has an IPX7 rating which means it is suitable for splashes, rain, snow, and showering but not being submerged in water. Measured diagonally the size of the display is 3 inches. A powered mount and mounting hardware come included.

Specific features of the Garmin 86Sci make it well suited for a marine environment. The large profile allows the device to float. Preloaded G3 coastal charts provided detailed depth counters using both Garmin and Navionics data. Garmin One Chart and new chart guarantee have to be purchased separately if desired. Carts that come with the device should work for most people. Lastly, the device is compatible to work with other Garmin chart plotters and instruments. Although this a good device to have in a marine environment it is not a good replacement for a 406 MHz PLB. One of several reasons is that the battery on the Garmin could be zero and not work in an emergency. Having a dedicated battery with a five-year shelf life is an important feature for an emergency rescue beacon.

There are three other versions in the Garmin 86 series. The differences are that the 86i is compatible with but does not include the G3 charts. Garmin 86s and 86sc do not have two-way satellite messaging and do not have the SOS distress feature. There may be other small differences as well.

Garmin Marine GPSMaps

Blue chart G3 is the latest marine chart for handheld devices. Depth shading can be user-defined for up to 10 depth ranges. Counter lines can be set as small a 1 foot. These are map features we have come to love on fixed mount navigation displays on boats. The handheld unit works as a great back navigation source when traveling in shallow unmarked waterways. With the fixed mount and proper wiring, it can even work as a small primary navigation unit.

Garmin Network Connections

The Garmin 86Sci can interface with Garmin chart plotters and instruments. It can even work as a remote control for the Garmin autopilot and Fusion Marine products. Real-time boat data can be displayed on the unit’s screen. An additional app does need to be downloaded to the device for the autopilot feature. Notifications can be sent from a compatible smartphone to the device. Updates can be pushed to the device over BLUETOOTH. When synced with Garmin Explore management can be done of waypoints and tracks. The autopilot feature can be a nice way to control the boat when on the front or back deck and not immediately near the controls.

Features Available for All Garmin Handheld Units

Garmin Two Way Satellite Messaging

Custom text messages are a nice way to communicate with friends and family. In non-emergency situations, a friend can be contacted without involving emergency rescue crews. Tracking allows friends and family to track the user’s location and find them in the event the user is unconscious and can not send a distress signal. Satellite text message services are a great alternative to expensive satellite phones.

Garmin devices use the private Iridium satellite network that includes 66 low earth operating satellites and has 9 in-orbit spares. This offers decent global coverage for these devices. Messages are not sent instantly and coverage can be blocked by heavy canopies, trees, steep terrain, and valleys.

Garmin SOS Distress Signal

The SOS button on this device is behind a plastic cover so the button is not accidentally pushed. In an emergency, once the button is pushed it sends a distress message with the device location to a ground station. When possible the nature of the emergency should also be sent after the initial distress signal. The emergency services can also respond back with updates and advice for your situation. This is an advantage over 406 PLB where emergency control stations do not have a way to respond back to the user. However, since 406 PLB and EPIRB devices are only to be used in life and death situations the distress signal is taken seriously and help is typically sent ASAP.

Garmin handheld devices do not send a 121.5 MHz homing signal. This band frequency had historically been used by satellites to triangulate the position of a beacon. This signal is not used by satellites anymore but is used by avionics equipment in helicopters to quickly locate the beacon that emits the signal. This is one disadvantage of a Garmin device compared to 406 style beacons during rescue situations.

Garmin Weather Reports

Garmin devices also have basic and premium weather report options. The basic report is a 48-hour report broken down in 2-hour increments for day one and 6-hour increments for day 2. Premium forecasts provide a 7-day report in 1-2 hour intervals for the first day, 3-6 hour intervals for day two, and then 12-hour intervals.

Premium forecasts also have a Marine option. These include a 7-day forecast in 4-hour intervals. The wind direction, wind magnitude, wave height, ocean current, and visibility details are provided for the selected location. Premium weather reports cost $1 per report. Standard weather reports cost 1 text message against your plan. Weather reports are very nice when boating. However, most of them can be found free using VHF radio weather channels.

Garmin Handheld Tracking

Tracking intervals can be set at low 2 minutes with the expedition subscription and 10 minutes with the basic subscription. A 4-hour interval is the longest interval but tracking can also be turned off to save battery. There is a power save mode that does not send the signal if the device has not traveled more than 100 meters in 4 hours.

Garmin has a computer interface the displays the tracking information on a detailed map. When messages are sent the text can also be read with the map interface. This allows family, friends, or a company to track the location of the device. It also allows you to go back later and see where you traveled.

Garmin Handheld Subscription Costs

An annual safety Garmin subscription cost varies from $11.5 dollars per month which include 10 text messages and costs 50 cents for each text message after that. The annual expedition plan costs $65 dollars per month and includes unlimited text messaging and two-minute tracking intervals. The only additional cost would be for premium weather reports. Annually the subscription cost varies from around $144 to $600. Freedom monthly subscription plans without annual contracts are also available at higher monthly costs.

The tracking interval on the plans is 10 minutes or greater or 2 minutes or greater. In most cases, people are not going to want to track users in time intervals of less than 10 minutes. The main problem with short tracking intervals is that it uses the battery much faster. Therefore the tracking interval is not a major deciding factor when selecting plans.

Garmin InReach Mini 2

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The Garmin inReach Mini 2 is able the send two-way text messages and interactive SOS messages using the Iridium satellite network. Monthly subscription fees are required. The device is 4 x 2 x 1 inches and weighs 3.5 ounces. Battery life varies based on the settings but is around 50 hours in a 10-minute tracking mode. The device is less than half the weight of the other inReach devices but the battery life is also less than half. This device has an IPX7 rating which means it is suitable for splashes, rain, snow, and showering but not being submerged in water. 

Many features of the inReach Explorer+ are also available on inReach Mini. Basic and premium weather can be sent to the device upon request for a fee as discussed in the Explorer review. GPS based tracking intervals let you share your location with friends and family. The position is sent at a preset time interval or when a text message is sent. Preset messages are free for all subscription levels and when sent will also show the device location. This is a way to build a track history without having a set interval selected. This can significantly save battery life because if a message does not send when tracking is enabled the device continuously tries to send the message which can drain the battery quickly. Charging the device is done via the micro USB power cable or optional in-vehicle 12-V charger.

Garmin GPSMAP 66i GPS Handheld

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This Garmin Marine 66i is a two-way satellite messaging device. A subscription fee is required. Dimensions are 6.4 x 2.6 x 1.4 inches and weigh 8.5 ounces. The rechargeable battery life varies based on the settings but is around 35 hours in a 10-minute tracking mode and 200 hours in at 30-minute tracking intervals. This device has an IPX7 rating which means it is suitable for splashes, rain, snow, and showering but not being submerged in water. The display is 3 inches measured horizontally. A powered mount and mounting hardware come included.

This is basically the same unit as the marine 86Sci reviewed above but has a smaller profile so it does not float. Preloaded TOPO maps come installed on the device rather than Marine charts. It also does not interface with other Garmin marine products.

Sensors in the device include a barometric altimeter and a 3-axis tilt-compensated compass. The device can also be paired with a mobile phone to access all the device features and send messages with your phone’s keyboard and contacts. This makes messaging a much faster process.

Garmin InReach Explorer+

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This inReach Explorer+ had dimensions of 1.5 x 2.7 x 6.5 inches and weighs 7.5 ounces. The display size is 1.4 x 1.9 inches. It has a rechargeable lithium-ion battery that lasts 75 hours at 10-minute tracking intervals and 30 days at 30-minute tracking intervals. The SOS button sends distress signals to a private GOES International Emergency Response Coordination Center who then contacts emergency services. This device has an IPX7 rating which means it is suitable for splashes, rain, snow, and showering but not being submerged in water. This device transmits to the privately-owned low earth orbiting Iridium satellite system.

The main features of Garmin inReach devices are satellite text messaging, remote tracking of the device, navigation, and weather reports. Messaging and tracking features of this unit are very useful but this is not a good replacement for a 406 style PLB or EPIRB during a true emergency. The battery of an inReach device could be zero and not work during an emergency. A stand-alone rescue beacon that has a 5 plus years shelf life is important to have during many types of emergency situations. Also having a satellite messaging device like an inReach is a good idea when going on multi-day trips in locations where typical communication methods are not an option.

Garmin inReach Maps and Tracking

InReach Explored also has GPS navigation and preloaded TOPO maps of the united states. Detailed maps of certain areas and other locations around the world can be uploaded online. There are better stand-alone GPS units that are better for primary navigation like the Garmin eTrex 30. Another benefit of using a standard alone unit is to not drain the battery of the inReach satellite messenger device.

My dad went Elk hunting last year by himself in a remote area that did not have cell phone reception and I kept in contact with him using this device. He sent custom text messaging twice a day and had 4-hour tracking intervals setup.

The location is only able to be tracked when a message is sent or when a tracking interval has been reached. He set the tracking points to updated every 4 hours to save battery. Using the device in advance, he realized that short tracking intervals quickly drained the battery. Since he was on a multi-week hunting trip extending the battery life was important. The device operates on a custom size rechargeable battery which is actually really annoying. He had to purchase external charge packs and solar panels for the needed extended use of the device in remote areas.

I tracked my day with the computer website for the device. The interface was pretty easy to use but it was sometimes difficult to get the latest points to update.

4. AIS Man Overboard Beacons

AIS (Automatic Identification System) MOB beacons work on a more localized level:

Key features of AIS MOB beacons:

• Transmit to nearby vessels equipped with AIS receivers
• Effective range of approximately 5 miles, depending on conditions
• Can trigger DSC alarms on your vessel’s VHF radio
• Often designed to attach to lifejackets
• Some activate automatically when a lifejacket inflates
• Include strobes for visual location
• Battery life is typically 7 years in storage, 24 hours when activated

These are specifically designed for “man overboard” scenarios rather than general emergencies. This makes them excellent safety devices for crews working in remote locations where their boat is the likely vessel to rescue the man overboard.

Ocean Signal DSC AIS RescueMe MOB PLB

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The Ocean Signal MOB1 sends an Automatic Identification System AIS and Digital Selective Calling (DSC) distress signal when activated. This device signal can be received by most modern AIS receivers and AIS enabled plotters in the area of about 5 miles but depends on the conditions. The DSC signal can activate an alarm through your vessel’s VHF radio but other boats with VHF radios will not be alerted of the distress signal.

There is a GPS receiver in the device to determine and transmit its location. An integrated strobe helps to get a visual of the person in distress in low light and low visibility situations. The battery life for the device is 7 years and the operation life is a minimum of 24 hours. There is a 5-year warranty with the device but only two years when used in a commercial environment. A clip that connects to the inflation tube of a life jacket is also included. The weight of the device is 3.25 ounces and the dimensions are 5.3 x 1.3 x 1.0 inches.

These are commonly put in life jackets and can be set up to automatically activate when the life jacket inflates using a trigger on the back of the device. This device sends the first alert within 15 seconds of activation.

In remote areas, the best chance of being rescued in a man overboard situation is by your own vessel. The faster the crew is aware a person fell overboard the more likely they will be able to quickly retrieve the individual. The MOB1 has a feature that actives the DSC alarm over VHF radio alerting the crew of the situation.

Man Over Board Device Testing with AIS and DSC Radios

The device should be programmed with the radios MMSI and tested for proper compatibility. Then they should be installed on life jackets. On the manufactures website, there is a list of class D DSC radios that have been tested to work with the MOB1.

AIS and DSC tests can be carried out no more than three times a year. The DSC test sends a single transmission to verify that they communicate. Using an AIS test activates the GPS and sends a transmission that will show up on the chart plotter and contain the words MOB test. Doing this when first getting the device helps to verify everything is working properly.

ACR RESQLINK AIS and 406 MHz Personal Locator Beacon

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The ACR ResQLink AIS is new device that offers the standard 406 MHz signal and the AIS  signal. This makes it a great option for boats with crews where they would rescue an individual that falls overboard.

Key Features:

• Triple rescue technology: 406 MHz satellite signals, 121.5 MHz homing, and AIS local signals
• Multi-constellation GPS receiver using GPS, Galileo, and Glonass systems
• Battery life of 6 years from manufacture or 5 years after first use
• 24+ hour operational life during emergency
• Waterproof to 10 meters for 1 hour
• Compact size: 7.87″ × 1.41″ × 0.86″ (20 cm × 3.6 cm × 2.2 cm)
• Lightweight: just 0.42 lbs (190 g)
• Return Link Service confirms your distress signal was received
• Near Field Communication for smartphone connectivity
• 5-year warranty

The ResQLink AIS (PLB-450) works by sending your location globally through Cospas-Sarsat satellites at 406 MHz while simultaneously alerting nearby vessels through their AIS displays (161.975/162.025 MHz). It also transmits a 121.5 MHz homing signal to guide rescuers to your exact position.

This beacon operates in temperatures from -4°F to +131°F and can be activated manually or semi-automatically when installed in a lifejacket. While not naturally buoyant, an optional flotation pouch is available.

Perfect for all marine activities, including fishing, boating, kayaking, and paddle boarding, this device offers comprehensive protection with international approvals from Cospas-Sarsat, FCC, RED, and Canada.

5. VHF Marine Radios with DSC

Some advanced handheld marine radios include distress signaling capabilities:

Key features of DSC-enabled VHF radios:

• Send Digital Selective Calling (DSC) distress alerts with GPS position
• Can function as normal two-way radios
• Often designed to float and include emergency lights
• Some include MOB features that mark positions for navigation
• Require MMSI programming for full functionality
• Limited to marine environments where other vessels can receive the signal

Standard Horizon Floating VHF Marine Radio

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This Standard Horizon HX890 handheld radio floats and has a GPS receiver. There are Man Over Board and DSC distress functions on the radio. If the device enters the water there is a strobe light that is automatically activated. The radio is considered submersible with an IPX8 rating, which means it is waterproof at 4.92 feet for 30 minutes. The battery life is 10-hours and is rechargeable. A 12-volt quick charger is included with the radio. Transmit power levels can be set at 1W, 2W, or 6W.

The MOB function of the radio allows for a position to be saved at the time the button was pressed. The navigation feature will then bring you back to that position. For situations where the person with the radio fell overboard the DSC distress message is what would be used.

In order to send a DSC distress call, the MMSI number must be programmed. To transmit a DSC distress message lift the red spring-loaded distress cover. Then press and hold the distress key until the unit alarms. The HX870 is capable of transmitting and receiving distress messages from all DSC radios. If the GPS unit is active the latitude and longitude will be included in the distress message. The unit then waits for an acknowledgment of the distress. If an acknowledgment is not received the distress call is repeated every 4 minutes. This unit can also answer and navigate to distress calls. Check out the marine radio page to see more marine radio options.

Submersible PLB Maring Rescue GPS Radio

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The Nautilus Lifeline is waterproof to 425 feet with the cap closed. This device can be taken with you while scuba diving. Dimensions are 3.8 x 2.9 x 1.5 inches and it weighs 4.6 ounces. A GPS receiver is built in to allow accurate position information to be sent.

The unit comes programmed with the MID number and automatically works with all AIS-equipped ships. Your vessel MMSI number must be loaded using the optical sensor to activate DSC functionality. The device has 5-year battery life and floats.

This unit works in the same way as the other AIS devices reviewed. The Nautilus is half the size of the original submersible unit but the old model offered two-way VHF communication. This is a good unit to take with when scuba diving. The drawback of this technology is that a commercial vessel needs to be in the area to see the distress message in many cases. Diving with 406 PLB in a submersible container is typically the best option for scuba divers. When diving with my Dad one of us has the Nautilus Lifeline and the other has a PLB in a submersible container.

HDVSEATEK Scuba Dive Canister for PLB

The HDVSEATEK is a submersible dive container for PLBs and rescue beacons. It is submersible to 229 feet deep. This is made from lightweight glass-filled Nylon. No maintenance is required and the canister will not corrode. This makes opening the canister easier in an emergency. Opening the locking ring requires little force. The manufacture sells these on eBay.

This is the only submersible container that is still sold for PLB devices for scuba diving and snorkeling. There are two size options but most of the 406 PLBs fit in the small size canister. Only the GME PLB requires a large canister. For Gamin satellite messengers I am not sure which size is needed. The larger canister would likely be needed for most of them. A carry pouch for above water carrying of the pod is also included.

A diver can easily get swept away by strong currents that prevent the diver from reaching the boat again. Having a PLB or submersible dive radio on your person while driving could save your life. When we dive one person has a radio and the other person has a PLB in the waterproof canister.

I would highly recommend having a PLB in a dive canister when diving. Having spent lots of time on and near the water, I can tell you that divers do go missing because of strong currents and are difficult to locate. When diving often times there is no one left on the boat. If the boat anchor or mooring breaks free the divers would surface without a boat or any way to signal for help. Having a way to communicate the position could save your life.

Mcmurdo Dive PLB Canister

Mcmurdo Dive PLB Canister is Made from high-strength Aluminum. Dimensions are 3.68 x 6.38 inches and the weight is 1.98 pounds. This can be taken to a depth of over 450 feet. This dive canister is intended to carry a PLB with a diver while scuba diving. It is a really smart idea to dive with a GPS communication device, especially a 406 PLB.

This dive canister is not manufactured anymore. Often time you can find used ones for sale on eBay.

Stohlquist Piseas Life Jacket For PLB

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The Stohlquist Piseas life jacket is a Type III life jacket with 16.25 pounds of flotation. Sizes options are large extra-large, and double extra-large. Colors available are red or khaki.

The two zipper pockets in the front are good for holding a PLB. On the front of the jacket, there are several loops or straps to hold a strobe. This is a comfortable life jacket to wear while kayaking, fishing, or boating.

Reasons To Carry a PLB

Have a PLB When Boating By Yourself

It is especially dangerous to be boating and fishing by yourself. If you fall overboard there is no one driving the boat and no one is present to assist you or call for help. If you are fishing by yourself I would highly recommend wearing this PLB all the time!

One common way people fall overboard is when they are peeing. In one year I had three people fall off my boat when they were peeing. Luckily the water was warm and we were just drifting so it was easy to get them back on board. If you were trolling by yourself and fell overboard there is no way you could swim fast enough to get back on the boat. Having a device on you that is able to quickly transmit your position is very important.

Bring a PLB When Scuba Diving or Snorkeling

As discussed above having a PLB in a dive canister or Submersible radio is very important when diving. There are a large number of possible scenarios where a diver can be separated from the boat. Without a way to communicate your position it is very difficult to get the help you need.

Diving and snorkeling is an activity that should be taken seriously. When diving with experienced crew accidents can be minimized. However, preparing for the worst-case scenario is always the best idea. Even when snorkeling and spearfishing you can get separated from the vessel and having a PLB with you could save your life.

Have A PLB When Boating on Someone Else’s Boat

When I fish on other people’s boats I will bring my own PLB because there is no guarantee that vessel operators have good safety equipment onboard. An emergency can happen on any boat in any condition. If the boat does not have proper safety equipment it can be difficult to contact help. Most boats have basic radio communication but accidents can happen too fast for this to be effective. Cell phones do not work further than about 7 miles offshore. Satellite rescue beacons are the best way to send a distress call with position and identifying information.

Bring a PLB When Traveling to Different Countries

Traveling to different countries is awesome and there are many unique offshore locations worth exploring. In certain countries, there are little to no safety regulations. There might not even be life jackets, radios, or cell phones. PLBs that send 406 MHz distress signals offer a reliable way to send for help from anywhere in the world.

Have a PLB When Hiking in Remote Areas 

More and more of the Unites State is getting good phone reception. However, there are still many wilderness areas that have canyons, hills, and mountains that block line of sight cell phone communication. Bringing a two-way satellite messenger is the best way to contact help in an emergency. Make sure that it is a true emergency though. Make an effort to independently get help and handle the situation when possible.

Common Questions About PLBs

Do I need a PLB?

During an emergency offshore or in remote areas a PLB can be the best way to quickly send a distress signal telling rescuers your position and that you need assistance. If you are in a situation where you realize that a PLB is needed to save your life but do not have one it is too late. The device needs to be on your person or in a location where it can be quickly accessed in an emergency situation. There are several types of PLBs on the market and each one has advantages based on the situation. Some offer two-way Satellite communication but required a subscription fee. Others send distress signals to government authorities and do not require a fee. AIS Man overboard beacons send signals to AIS-equipped vessels in the area and a DCS message back to your boat.

What is a PLB?

When most people say PLB they are referring to a handheld device that uses the same technology as an EPIRB. This device is registered with NOAA and during an emergency, with the push of a button, the GPS position and user identifying information are sent via satellites to emergency services. The devices also typically have a built-in strobe and a homing signal. The definition has been extended to include other handhelds devices that can send a distress signal that includes the GPS position of the device. Some of these PLBs use private satellite networks and require a subscription but also offer two-way satellite text messaging. The last type of PLB gets the GPS position of the device but only sends the signal locally to AIS equipment on commercial vessels. The AIS system can also send a DCS distress signal to the originating vessel alerting and alarm on the VHF radio.

How long does a PLB last?

The length that a PLB lasts depends on the type of device. Stand alone 406 PLBs that are only used for rescue situations typically have a battery shelf life of 5 years. The distress signal can be sent for a minimum of 24 hours. When using a satellite text message SOS rescue beacon the battery could be drained and not work at all. However, depending on the settings a charge typically lasts 24 hours or more. If the device is powered off they can keep a charge for up to a year in some devices. AIS PLBs also have a battery shelf life of about 5 years and an operational life of a minimum of 24 hours.

How do you use a Personal Locator Beacon?

Locator Beacons are typically worn on a person that can be on a life jacket, in a pocket, or in a backpack. In the event of an emergency, the antenna is deployed. The activation varies based on the device and specific instructions can be found in the user manual. For the ACR PLB view and PLB 400, the red button is pressed down for 2 seconds. This activates the device and it starts to acquire a satellite position. Once the GPS position is found which takes about two minutes it sends a distress signal over satellites to an emergency ground station. The device should be registered with NOAA and so emergency services can look up who is in distress and know the location of the distress.

At the control center, they will try and contact you via cell phone and contact your emergency contacts. If they determine it likely an emergency they will contact local rescue resources like the Coast Guard to send assistance. For emergencies on the water, help is typically sent within 30 minutes. Once rescue personnel is on the way they need to get updated position information from the device. The user needs to keep the antenna dry and pointed at the sky. There is a visual strobe and a 121.5 MHz homing signal that gets sent from the device that can help the rescue team locate the beacon faster. There is no charge for rescues as long as it was a true emergency.

Other Rescue beacons operate differently so the instructions need to be reviewed in the owner’s manual. Some devices use an SOS signal over private satellites and others only send distress locally to AIS equipment.

What is the difference between a PLB and an EPIRB?

The primary differences between a PLB and EPIRB are the size, operating time, and registration type. EPIRBs are registered to a vessel, operate for a minimum of 48 hours, and can automatically deploy and activate if a boat sinks. PLBs are registered to an individual, operate for a minimum of 24 hours, and have to be manually activated. EPIRBs and 406 PLBs also send out a 121.5 MHz homing signal and have a strobe light. There are other types of personal rescue beacons and man overboard locators that are often called PLBs but use different technology.

Will I be charged to use a PLB? 

A 406 style PLB and EPIRB devices are registered to NOAA for free and use government control centers and rescue teams. When using these devices in real emergencies the user is not charged. It is important to note that the device can not be used negligently. Just because you are uncomfortable or have a minor problem does not mean that you should use an emergency distress beacon. All basic forms of communication should be tried first in non-emergency situations. This includes cell phones, radios, or satellite text messaging devices. If it is a life or limb situation the PLB should be used immediately assuming more immediate help is not available.

SOS style rescue devices like the Garmin handhelds and Spot satellite messengers require a monthly fee to send a distress signal. Distress signals are sent over private satellite networks and are initially sent to private control centers. The control center can then contact government agencies to assist with the rescue.

Captain Cody Wabiszewski

Captain Cody has worked on charter fishing boats in the Florida Keys, Virgin Islands, and Alaska. Growing up in Pennsylvania Cody has also done extensive freshwater fishing including bass fishing tournaments. Cody strives to provide detailed information about the best fishing gear and tactics to help both novice and experienced anglers have a more productive and enjoyable time on the water. Cody also has a background in aerospace engineering and neuroscience but really only takes pride in being good at one thing and that is fishing!